Non-communicating Hydrocephalus due to Aqueductal Stenosis

Contributed By

Halie Kerver

Michigan State University

Additional Authors

Graham Atkin and Sutton Williams

Case Overview

A 32-year-old previously healthy female has severe and progressively worsening headaches and new onset blurred vision and vertigo. Students will use their knowledge of the ventricular system combined with neuroimaging to explore this patient's MRI. This case includes neuroimaging resources and guided questions about the ventricular system to help students determine that this patient has non-communicating hydrocephalus as the result of a blockage within the cerebral aqueduct.

Anatomical Region and System

Target Audience

Additional Details

  • Level of Content Difficulty: Basic
  • Real or fictitious: Fictitious
  • Geographical location: North America, United States of America
  • Clinical setting: Emergency Department,

Chief Complaint

A 32­-year-old female came to her local doctor’s office with severe headaches, vertigo, and blurred vision.

Relevant Past Medical History

Abigail S. is a 32-year-old female from Troy, MI. She is a loan analyst for a mortgage company. She runs half marathons several times a year and regularly practices yoga.

She has come to her primary care provider citing severe and progressively worsening headaches, occurring over the past two months, with a more recently developed problem of blurred vision and vertigo. She says she has also begun to feel “foggy” and “unusually tired.” Past medical history is unremarkable. The patient does not smoke, and drinks socially 1-2 times a month. The patient reports no ongoing medical conditions or use of medication. Family history unremarkable and negative for neurological or cardiovascular disease.

Relevant Physical Exam Findings

Patient was not in acute distress and reported no recent trauma. All vital signs were within normal range, and examination of heart and lungs were normal. Neurological exam was normal, with intact mental status, language, and comprehension. Reflexes, strength, and sensation were all normal.

Relevant Diagnostic Testing and Imaging Data

Neuroimaging stack used with Creative Commons permission from Radiopaedia.org: Case courtesy of Ayaz Hidayatov, rID: 54853

Case with hidden diagnosis for student version: https://radiopaedia.org/cases/56e0364957fe7f36a8de894f98f2a9bf?lang=us

Full case: https://radiopaedia.org/cases/aqueductal-stenosis-due-to-membranous-occlusion?lang=us

Final Diagnosis

Non-communicating hydrocephalus due to aqueductal stenosis

anatomical basis of clinical presentation

  • Severe headaches, vertigo, and blurred vision are due to increased intracranial pressure from the CSF accumulating within the lateral and third ventricles.

Additional Relevant Information

Target audience:

  • First-year medical students. This learning exercise works well as an introduction to neuroanatomy and case-based learning.

Prerequisite knowledge:

  • Ventricular system anatomy
  • Ventricular system flow
  • Ventricular system reabsorption
  • Introduction to neuroimaging

FYI: The case is a fictitious patient case written and paired with an existing MRI stack obtained from Radiopaedia.org through Creative Commons Non-Commercial Attribution (see https://radiopaedia.org/licence). All links to MRIs and neuroimaging maps are free, public-facing resources.

Licensing

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommerical-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 License).

Peer Review Statement

This work has been vetted and accepted through the GNN peer-review process before publication.

Comments

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